This research project, which is supported by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) under Horizon Europe and led by Se Young Jang, examines several critical junctures in the historical development of the relationship between the IAEA and the two Koreas—South Korea (ROK) and North Korea (DPRK)—with the aim of addressing how this international organization has evolved in its handling of (potential) nuclear proliferators. The historical paths of the IAEA with the two Koreas—the North, which succeeded in developing its own nuclear weapons, and the South, which abandoned its weapons program—have been more complex and less straightforward than is commonly assumed. 

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Do we need an international monitoring agency for AI? The project seeks to intervene in the ongoing debate over an “IAEA for AI” by focusing on the beginnings of the so-called nuclear age and on early efforts to regulate dual-use technologies. Specifically, it aims to investigate how policymakers and diplomats, international civil servants, and nuclear scientists negotiated the terms of a future global nuclear order at the newly founded United Nations, 1945–1956.

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